Global ecosystem typology

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SM1.2 Anchialine pools

Biome: SM1. Subterranean tidal biome

Contributors:
(texts)

Anchialine pools are brackish surface water bodies that have a subterranean connection to the sea. They are associated with carbonate substrates and lava flows on the coast and have a stronger terrestrial influence than other subterranean systems. Exposure to the surface enables algal primary producers to inhabit the water column and the benthos. Diversity and productivity of these aquatic ecosystems increases with age and connectivity to the sea. Some anchialine pools are highly insular, with molluscs and crustacean species found nowhere else.

Key Features

Open pools with subterranean connections to the sea and groundwater, and dynamic, diverse trophic networks.

Overview of distribution

Limestone, basalt and more rarely lithic substrates coastal regions globally.

Profile versions

  • v2.0 (2020-06-17): TS Sakihara; M Lamson; B Seidel; DM Sedar; S Santos; J Havird; TM Iliffe; DA Keith
  • v2.01 ():
  • v2.1 (2022-04-06): TS Sakihara; M Lamson; B Seidel; DM Sedar; S Santos; J Havird; TM Iliffe; DA Keith Full profile available at official site

Main references

Selected references for this functional group:

  • Becking LE, Renema W, Santodomingo NK, Hoeksema BW, Tuti Y, de Voogd NJ (2011) Recently discovered landlocked basins in Indonesia reveal high habitat diversity in anchialine systems Hydrobiologia 677, 89-105

  • Por FD (1985) Anchialine pools—comparative hydrobiology Hypersaline ecosystems pp. 136-144. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

Diagrammatic assembly model

Diagrammatic assembly model of SM1.2 Anchialine pools. See general notes on diagrams. Open image full size.

Maps

Maps are indicative of global distribution patterns are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (coloured red) or minor occurrences (coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. See general notes on maps.

There are 2 alternative versions of the indicative map for this functional group, please compare description and sources below.

SM1.2.IM.grid_v3.0

Datasets

  • SRTM30-PLUS-V11
  • Carbonate-rocks-3.0

Map references

  • Becker JJ, Sandwell DT, Smith WHF, Braud J, Binder B, Depner J, Fabre D, Factor J, Ingalls S, Kim S-H, Ladner R, Marks K, Nelson S, Pharaoh A, Trimmer R, Von Rosenberg J, Wallace G, Weatherall P (2009) Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS, Marine Geodesy 32: 355-371. DOI:10.1080/01490410903297766

  • Williams P, Ting Fong Y (2016) World map of carbonate rock outcrops v3.0 The University of Auckland, Auckland. Webpage

SM1.2.web.grid_v3.0

Indicative distributions of Anchialine caves and pools were based on mapped areas of carbonate rock outcrop (Williams & Ting Fong 2016) and lava flows intersecting the coast, which were aggregated within a template of 1-degree grid cells. Open image full size.

Datasets

  • Carbonate-rocks-3.0

Map references

  • Williams P, Ting Fong Y (2016) World map of carbonate rock outcrops v3.0 The University of Auckland, Auckland. Webpage

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